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Sustainable Agriculture Development and Tic

ABSTRACT

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ICT

D. Amutha MAMPHIL

ECONOMY ASST.PROFESSOR

ST. MARY'S COLLEGE (MADRID)

Tuticorin.

E-mail: amuthajoe@gmail.com

ICT plays a key role in improving the availability of agricultural production and market information in developing countries. market information systems based on ICT has a proven track record for improving the rural livelihoods in developing countries where average incomes have been introduced. However, these systems are generally limited in scale and have not been effectively replicated beyond the local level. This work addresses the analysis of ICTs play an important role in achieving sustainable agricultural development and future prospects in agriculture and ICT.

It is recommended that drought-prone and less endowed areas, future initiatives of ICT provides information services such as facilitating access to land records, question and answer services, information on development programs rural, weather forecasting, marketing information, the best set of practices rainfed agriculture, information on crop insurance and technology post-harvest.

It is also recommended that, before the ICT services are configured in a region, there are efforts to develop between farmers both at a satisfactory level of confidence in the intentions of the ICT staff and a company commitment to the objectives of the proposed project. It is also suggested that rural appraisals participatory and quickly carried out to determine what information needed by farmers. In the process, the farmers' faith in self-fulfilling services of information has to be improved. It is further recommended that farmers are trained in how to make the best use of the services provided.

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT AND ICT

D. Amutha MAMPHIL

ECONOMY ASST.PROFESSOR

ST. MARY'S COLLEGE (MADRID)

Tuticorin.

E-mail: amuthajoe@gmail.com

Introduction

Today a new paradigm agricultural development is rapidly becoming, in both developing and developed countries, the development of rural areas is expanding into new directions, old ways of delivering important services to citizens are being challenged, and traditional societies are becoming knowledge societies worldwide. ICT plays a key role in improving the availability of agricultural production and market information in developing countries. market information systems based on ICT has a proven track record for improving rural livelihoods in developing countries where average incomes have been introduced. However, these systems are generally limited in scale and have not been effectively replicated beyond the local level. This paper deals with the analysis of the work of ICT an important role in achieving sustainable agricultural development and future prospects in agriculture and ICT.

Convergence of ICT with agricultural development

Broad base of agricultural extension activities, development of farming systems research and extension, which has site-specific modules for research and extension, and promoting market expansion and sustainable agricultural development, participatory research, etc are some of the many areas where ICT can play an important role. Several research studies in organizations have outreach shows that the supply of goods is effective when the outreach worker grass roots covers a small area of jurisdiction, multi-purpose (Broad base). The current system of large jurisdictions, each with a narrow range of activities, is less effective. However, the broad basing requires grass roots workers to be in the forefront of the extension and master of many trades, which is not really possible. IT can help here, to allow extension agents to collect, store, retrieve and disseminate a wide range of information needed by farmers, thus transforming them from extension agents in knowledge workers. The emergence of knowledge workers and will result in the realization of the much talked about bottom-up, the generation of demand-driven technology, assessment, refinement and transfer. agricultural extension systems in most developing countries lack funds and have had mixed effects. Much of extension information has been found to be current, relevant and not applicable to the needs of small farmers, leaving the farmers as very little information or resources to improve their productivity. ICT enables the extension system to return to one's general orientation towards agricultural development small production systems. With proper knowledge of small-scale producers can even have a competitive advantage over larger operations. When knowledge is harnessed by strong organizations of small producers, strategic planning can be used to provide members with lower inputs cost, better storage facilities, improved transport links and collective bargaining with buyers.

ICTs can also play an important role in achieving sustainable agricultural development when used to document both organic farming practices and traditional. Developing countries can create traditional knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) to collect and classify the different types of local knowledge that can be shared more widely. These Libraries can also integrate the scattered references to Indigenous Technical Knowledge (CTI) systems in a retrievable form. Therefore, could act as a bridge between traditional knowledge systems and modern.

Convergence of IT areas

IT applications in support of the fall in agricultural and rural development in five major areas. These are:

• Economic development agricultural producers;
• Community development;
• Research and education
• Small and medium enterprises development and
• The media networks.

Some agricultural development services can be provided in the developing world, using ICT, are:

• Online services for information, education and training, monitoring and consultation, diagnosis and control Transaction and processing;
• E-commerce for direct linkages between local producers, traders, retailers and suppliers;
• The facilitation of the interaction between researchers, extension (knowledge) workers and farmers;
• services Q & A where experts answer questions on specialized topics of ICT services and to block development officers at the district level for greater efficiency in providing services for agricultural development in general;
• With updated information provided to farmers as soon as possible on topics such as sets of practices, market information, weather forecasting, input supply, credit availability, etc;
• Creating databases with information on resources of local people and villagers, information systems site-specific, expert systems, etc;
• Provision of early warning systems about the disease or pest problems, information on rural development programs and crop insurance, technology After harvest, etc;
• Facilitation of land records and online registration services;
• Improving the marketing of milk and milk products dairy
• Services providing information to farmers about agricultural business and management;
• Increased efficiency and productivity of cooperative societies through the computer communication network and the latest database technology;
• Tele-education for farmers;
• Web sites established by agricultural research institutes, so that the latest information available to the extension (knowledge) workers and get their feedback.

Future Perspectives of ICT

1. Shared Information: Advances in technology of the residence, under the umbrella of cloud computing, are cutting costs and changing the equation for the speed, complexity and risks associated with deploying applications and services. A growing number of suppliers technology and provide computer services based on distance and on a subscription or pay per use model. For example, software as a service (SaaS) applications host providers that offer on demand or by subscription. Infrastructure as a Service (IAAS) models provide remote management services, hardware, allowing customers to pay according to their use of servers, storage and networks.

Since the 1990's, there has been growing among developing countries in providing different forms of shared access to computing or the community, usually delivered through "telecentres". These shared technology centers provide access to rural communities the ability to use Internet-based services in a publicly shared. Telecentre pilots in several countries have resulted to innovative business models around these centers, and led the development of ICT-based services rurally relevant. Typically, these include education, microfinance and government services to citizens.

2. Attracting Investment: During the last decade, been a quiet revolution in the ICT sector in the countries of the International Development Association (IDA) countries that can least afford these investments. A total of U.S. $ 16 billion was invested between 1997 and 2006, over 80 percent of it from the private sector sector.4 The World Bank has been actively working with governments to establish an Internet backbone infrastructure and increase access to the Internet through public investment, in turn, attract private investment additional. Globally, the 3700000000 people in the bottom of the pyramid with an average income of $ 2 per day, a total of 2.3 trillion U.S. dollars annually and grows to 8 percent year.5 private sector companies are showing an increasing interest in serving this large base of potential customers with innovative services based in new business models.

Various microfinance initiatives illustrate the ability of rural citizens to operate profitable business and serve their fellow citizens. For example, the Grameen Bank provides credit without collateral to poor micro-enterprises in Bangladesh, 6 and Kiva.org provides similar credit financed by individual entrepreneurs donors.7 the help of these programs ranging from operating cellular phones for use by the community for people who sell and maintain solar home systems. These innovative experiences in microfinance provide valuable information on how to attract business and investment talent mic.

3. Ecosystems of the proposal: the creation of social networks and emerging tools such as wikis, blogs and video sharing have dramatically changed people different ways of working. Now it is easy for dispersed communities to share, discuss and develop solutions. These tools and a new culture of participation open to enable collaboration are dynamic within organizations, between organizations and between communities. Collaboration technologies can meet a broad and deep ecosystem of stakeholders to solve complex problems. global alliances as the United Nations Global Alliance for ICT and Development (GAID) illustrate the use of these technologies. GAID online community has many new social networking features that encourage individuals and formal groups to participate, contribute, and collaborate.

Internet for developing sustainable rural economic development

1. The last mile connectivity: Extending the last mile connectivity requires a framework that promotes "coopetition" between service providers telecommunications to stimulate innovation and reduce costs, a program that combines the generation of rural demand and initial public investment to attract investment private, and collaboration among an ecosystem of partners to implement the connectivity infrastructure.

2. Telecentres: Attract private investment for telecentre operation requires the establishment of regional service agencies that develop service offerings local market and rural entrepreneurs to create and manage call centers. telecentre operators act as facilitators for local community flow of information. Regional service agencies must be for non-profit companies, supported by public sector policies that offer some level of exclusivity for a region or certain e-government services. This gives you time to recover the bodies of their initial investment.

3. Intelligent services: Telecentres provide the mechanism for delivery of a wide range of solutions, including those that improve the quality of life through health education, which reduces the cost of necessary services, such as land registration or grant applications, and those that improve productivity agriculture and trade.

The role of the public sector is managed by the creation of government services to citizens and promoting the development of services critical agricultural information. Global technology companies provide software platforms and rich tested for different services, and can accelerate the adoption to share models of computation through the formation of local partnerships and bring proven technology platforms and skills in developing countries.

E-Agriculture Services

agricultural services based on ICT development are focused on improving the skills and knowledge of small farmers and value chains that enable small farmers to improve their competitiveness and flourish. To identify the right services to offer, planners public sector needs to understand that ICT can have an impact and that services tend to attract private investors. They can build these views through the synthesis three areas of analysis:

1. analysis of the agricultural value chain helps to identify the problems of the value chain to be addressed and the size the opportunity for improvement.

2. ICT analysis examines the viability of ICT to address these issues and the size of the opportunity that can be captured.

3. Analysis service value chain determines the financial viability of ICT services and identifies the ecosystem partners who are willing to invest and provide such services.

ICT provides a value for the stakeholders of the value chain through:

• Knowledge delivery, including access to information, e-learning, and advisory services
• agricultural planning to help create efficiencies in the operations of agribusiness
• Quality assurance through communication of standards and auditable data capture
• Procurement portals that facilitate trade in and out of trade commercial
• Supply chain planning to reduce costs and create visibility for logistics
• Financial services that give greater access to capital and help reduce the cost of financial transactions
• Community services that enable rural citizens to access basic health care, education and e-government services

Recommendations

• Efforts should be made to incorporate ICT in all activities related to agricultural development.
• Organizations and development-related departments agriculture needs to realize the potential of ICT for rapid dissemination of information to farmers.
• Government at national and state governments in India need to reorient agricultural policies so that a full strategy is to exploit the potential of ICT to support agricultural development in general.
• Raise awareness among young farmers and middle-aged on the availability of ICT services is the first step to being considered to increase the participation of farmers ICT initiatives. Older farmers should go in the chain of ICT networks at a later stage. In addition, from small and marginal farmers are using ICT services, more must be emphasized that the provision of information relevant to their farming systems.
• strong interfaces should be developed the village level so that the problem of computer illiteracy of farmers may be resolved. Software easy to use graphical interfaces and pictorial information encourage more use.
• It is recommended that, in drought-prone and less endowed areas, the future of the ICT initiatives providing information services such as facilitating access to land records, question and answer services, information on rural development programs, weather forecasts, marketing information, the best set of practices rainfed agriculture, information on crop insurance and post-harvest technology.
• The ICT services must provide early warning of pest and disease problems, question and answer services, information on farming systems and planning packs the latest and best business practices of crops, weather forecasting, soil testing and sampling, post-harvest technology, ticket prices / availability, business information and insurance of agricultural crops.
• It is also recommended that, before the ICT services are configured in a region, efforts are made to farmers to develop both a satisfactory level of confidence in the intentions of ICT staff and a strong commitment with the objectives of the proposed project. It is also suggested that participatory rural appraisals and quickly carried out to determine what information needed by farmers. In the process, farmers self-fulfilling belief in the intelligence services must be improved. It is further recommended that farmers are taught how to make the best possible use of the services provided.

Conclusion

In summary, the appropriate ICT applications and real opportunities in the field of development and social change, we must think about the combination of situations of agriculture within and abroad. ICTs offer the possibility to integrate information in a cross, for example through mobile databases. Information and Participatory Communication Technology for Development (PICTD) may play an important role in this regard.

References

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3. Narula HS (2008) "Harnessing ICTs to link farmers Markets: A Case of India E-Business Models "Paper presented at the International Conference on Technology and Innovation in Marketing held at IMT, Ghaziabad, India for 18 to 19 ab, 2008, published in Rajat Gera (Ed.) "Technology and Innovation in Marketing", Allied Publishers, New Delhi
4. Narula, SA (2009) "Social Networks … … … … For farmers" i4D February, available at www.i4donline.net/February09/February09.pdf
5. http://www.fao.org/GENDER/en/agri-e.htm
6. http://www.iteaconnect.org/Conference / PATT/PATT14/Wicklein.pdf
7. http://www.fao.org/Wairdocs/TAC/X5784E/x5784e08.htm
8. McConnell, S. (2001) 'Connecting the unconnected: proposing an evaluation of the impacts of Internet on unconnected rural stakeholders. "McConnell International. http:// mcconnelinternational.com / evalnation.html
   1. World Bank, IDA, 2008.

10 The billions. Release the business potential in untapped markets, the World Economic Forum. January 2009.

11. Grameen Bank (www.grameen-info.org), 2009.

12. Www.kiva.org 2009.

13. Www.un-gaid.org, 2009

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